Mycology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, physiology, ecology and applications.
Scope and history
Subfields and practical relevance
Medical mycology focuses on fungi that cause diseases in humans and animals, including yeasts like Candida albicans, molds such as Aspergillus fumigatus and dimorphic pathogens like Histoplasma capsulatum. It addresses diagnostic methods, antifungal therapy and emerging resistance. Agricultural mycology studies plant pathogenic fungi that cause rusts, smuts and wilts, as well as beneficial endophytes that enhance plant growth. Industrial mycology exploits fungal metabolism to produce bread, wine, beer, soy sauce, citric acid, antibiotics and statins. Environmental and ecological mycology investigate fungal biodiversity and their roles in ecosystems, while mycotoxicology examines toxic metabolites like aflatoxins and ochratoxins that contaminate food and feed. Mycology also informs conservation of fungi and their habitats.
By exploring the biology and diversity of fungi, mycology provides insights into fundamental biological processes and supports medical, agricultural and industrial applications. Continued research in this field contributes to managing fungal diseases, harnessing beneficial species and understanding Earth’s ecosystems.
Related Terms: Mycologist, Fungus, Mycelium, Mycotoxin, Mycorrhiza