WHO stands for the World Health Organization, the United Nations agency tasked with directing and coordinating international public health.
Mission and structure
The World Health Organization was established on 7 April 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It is governed by the World Health Assembly, composed of representatives from its member states, and administered by an executive board and a director-general. The organization’s constitution declares its objective as the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health. To achieve this, WHO develops norms and standards, monitors health trends, provides technical assistance, and promotes research. It works through regional offices and country offices to adapt global strategies to local needs. Its budget is funded by assessed contributions from member states and voluntary donations from governments and private donors, which support a wide range of programmes.
Activities and impact
WHO’s work spans disease surveillance, prevention and control, health systems strengthening, and emergency response. It has led global initiatives such as the eradication of smallpox, the near-elimination of poliomyelitis, and the development of the International Health Regulations. During outbreaks of SARS, Ebola virus disease and COVID‑19, WHO coordinated international efforts to share information, deploy medical supplies and issue evidence-based guidance. The organization sets standards for vaccines, medicines and diagnostics, and produces the International Classification of Diseases. It supports immunization campaigns, maternal and child health programmes, and efforts to combat noncommunicable diseases through policies on tobacco control, nutrition and physical activity. WHO also addresses social determinants of health and advocates for universal health coverage. Its decisions and recommendations influence national policies, although it faces challenges related to funding, governance and political pressures.
WHO’s role as the global health authority makes it an essential partner in addressing health challenges that transcend national boundaries, from infectious disease outbreaks to chronic conditions and environmental health threats.
Related Terms: World Health Organization, United Nations, Public health, Global health, International health