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  1. E. coli can enter water sources through various routes, including human and animal waste. For example, if sewage containing E. coli contaminates water bodies like rivers, lakes, or groundwater, it can introduce the bacteria into the water supply. Additionally, runoff from agricultural areas where livestock are raised or where fertilizers are applied can carry E. coli into nearby water sources. Improperly treated or untreated wastewater can also contribute to E. coli contamination of water. Once in the water, E. coli can survive and multiply under favorable conditions, posing a risk of infection if the water is consumed or used for activities like swimming or irrigation without proper treatment or precautions.

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