which food items has been associated with salmonella typhi ?
Question
which food items has been associated with salmonella typhi
Clark R. Osborn
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which food items has been associated with salmonella typhi
Answer ( 1 )
Foods most often linked to Salmonella Typhi outbreaks
Salmonella Typhi is a strictly human pathogen, so contamination usually happens through water or food handled by an infected person rather than from animals. The following items show up again and again in epidemiological reports:
Drinking water and ice
Untreated surface water or municipal supplies that have lost chlorination are the classic vehicle in endemic regions. Ice made from that water spreads the bug in drinks.
Raw fruit and vegetables
Salads, sliced mango, raw carrots, lettuce and fresh herbs washed with contaminated water are common culprits. Street vendors often rinse produce in a single bucket all day, letting bacteria build up.
Milk and dairy drinks
Unpasteurised milk, flavoured milk drinks and kulfi have caused large outbreaks when the milk was diluted with unsafe water after boiling, or when it was handled with dirty utensils.
Shellfish
Oysters and mussels harvested from sewage‑polluted estuaries can concentrate S. Typhi. Cooking them thoroughly lowers the risk but many people eat them only lightly steamed.
Egg‑based dishes
In some outbreaks, raw or lightly cooked eggs used in sauces or desserts were traced back to infected food handlers who cracked the shells with contaminated hands.
Street foods
Chaat, golgappa, sugar‑cane juice and similar snacks are often prepared with bare hands and rinsed utensils, making them a frequent source during the monsoon season.
Take‑home message
Any food that avoids a final boil or fry after it is touched by humans can carry S. Typhi. Safe water, strict hand washing and pasteurisation remain the key preventive steps.